Презентация на тему "The United Kingdom of Great Britain". Презентация на тему "Welcome the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" Презентация на тему uk

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The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses. The upright red cross is the cross of St. George, the patron saint of England. The white diagonal cross is the cross of St. Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross of St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland.

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The UK of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official name of the state that is geographically situated on the British Isles.

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Strange it may seem but even people of this country are sometimes confused about its name. On official occasions they call it the UK and in everyday speech it is shortened to the UK. In speaking or writing, where it is not particularly formal or informal, they use Britain. The name Britain is usually used in press.

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People of England sometimes with a certain portion of selfishness call it England. Official employees such as customs officers or economists use the term the UK. TV weather presenters call it the British Isles, but the Irish people are not quite comfortable with this name.

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To avoid this confusion of the terms the United Kingdom, Great Britain and England, we should know the following: Great Britain is the geographical name of the largest island in the British Isles which comprises England, Wales and Scotland. The island of Ireland is mainly occupied by the Irish Republic and the remaining part of the island is occupied by Northern Ireland. Great Britain and Northern Ireland form the UK. The capital of the UK is London.

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The British Isles is a geographical name of an archipelago , which is situated to the northwest of continental Europe and is separated from France by only 34 kilometers of water and is made up of two large islands – Great Britain and Ireland and a number of smaller islands. The UK is one of the smallest countries in the world. In size it is twice smaller than Spain or France. It is total area is about 245, 000 square kilometers, but the population of the UK is over 60 million people.

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Great Britain is an island located within the British Isles and it is the ninth largest island in the world and the largest in Europe. The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. Northern Ireland occupies one third of the island, of Ireland. It borders on the Irish Republic in the south.

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In total, it is estimated that the UK is made up of over 1000 small islands, some being natural and some being man-made crannogs, which were built in past times using stone and wood and which were enlarged by natural waste building up over time. Islands of Scotland Orkney Islands Shetland Islands Inner Hebrides Outer Hebrides Rockall Bass Rock Islands of Wales Anglesey Skomer Island Skokholm Island Ramsey Island Bardsey Island Holy Island Islands of England Lundy Isles of Scilly Isle of Wight Farne Islands Lindisfarne Isle of Portland Walney Island Islands

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There are no high mountains in Great Britain. In the north the Cheviots separate England from Scotland, the Pennines stretch down North England almost along its middle, the Cambrian mountains occupy the greater part of Wales and the Highlands of Scotland, are the tallest of the British mountains. There is very little flat country except in the region known as East Anglia.

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Rivers and lakes The British Isles have many rivers but they are not very long. The longest of the English rivers is the Severn. It flows into the Irish Sea. The most important river of Scotland is the Clyde. Glasgow stands on it. Many of the English and Scottish rivers are joined by canals, so that it is possible to travel by water from one end of Great Britain to the other.

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The Thames is over 200 miles long. It flows through the rich agricultural and industrial districts of the country. London, the capital of Great Britain, stands on it. The Thames has a wide mouth, that"s why the big ocean liners can go up to the London port.

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The UK is known for its beautiful lakes. Most of them are in Scotland and north-west of England. Scottish valleys are filled with lakes. These lakes are called "lochs". There are two kinds of lakes - lakes with fresh water like Loch Ness and lakes like Norwegian fjords.

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There are no great forests on the British Isles today. Historically, the most famous forest is Sherwood Forest in the east of England, to the north of London. It was the home of Robin Hood, the famous hero of a number of legends.

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Natural resources Historically, much of the United Kingdom was forested. Since prehistoric times, man has deforested much of the United Kingdom. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanised, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with only 1% of the labour force. It contributes around 2% of GDP. Around two thirds of production is devoted to livestock (скотоводство), one third to arable crops (с/х культур). The UK has a variety of natural resources including: Geological: coal, natural gas, limestone(известняк), chalk, gypsum,rock salt, iron ore, tin(олово), silver, gold, lead. Agricultural: arable land(пахотный), wheat(пшеница), barley(ячмень), hill farms, sheep. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil reserves; primary energy production accounts for 10% of GDP, one of the highest shares of any industrial nation. Due to the island location of the UK, the country has great potential for generating electricity from wave power and tidal power, although these have not yet been exploited on a commercial basis.

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The climate The climate of Great Britain is temperate and it is moderated by the Gulf Stream. The region is known for being cool and cloudy during the winter and the western parts of the island are windy and rainy because they are more influenced by the ocean. The eastern parts are drier and less windy.

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As the weather changes with the wind, and Britain is visited by winds from different parts of the world, the most characteristic feature of Britain"s weather is its variability. The English also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when it rains all day long. Sometimes it rains so heavily that they say "It"s raining cats and dogs"".

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Rainfall is more or less even throughout the year. In the mountains there is heavier rainfall than in the plains of the south and cast. The driest period is from March to June and the wettest months are from October to January. The average range of temperature (from winter to summer) is from 5 to 23 degrees above zero. During a normal summer the temperature sometimes rises above 30 degrees in the south. Winter temperatures below 10 degrees are rare. It seldom snows heavily in winter, frost is rare. January and February are usually the coldest months, July and August the warmest. Still the wind may bring winter cold in spring or summer days.

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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
Four countries:
-England
-Wales
-Scotland
-Northern Ireland
Every part has own emblem, flag, capital

The capitals of countries are:
§Northern Ireland-Belfast
§
§Scotland-Edinburgh
§
§Wales-Cardiff
§
§England-London

More than 60 million Main ethnic groups – English, Scottish, Irish, Welsh and other minority groupsLanguages – main language is English, other languages are Welsh, Scottish and Irish GaelicThe largest cities are London, Bristol, Birmigham, Cantebury, Exeter, Leicester, Manchester, Leeds, Edingurg and Glasgow

reat Britain is the fourth most populous country in Europe. Those of English descent constitute about 77% of the nation"s inhabitants. The Scottish make up 8%, and there are smaller groups of Welsh (about 4.5%) and Irish (2.7%) descent. Great Britain"s population has shown increasing ethnic diversity since the 1970s, when people from the West Indies, India, Pakistan, Africa, and China began immigrating; in the early 21st cent. these groups accounted for more than 5% of the population. There is also a significant minority of Poles, who arrived after Poland joined the European Union. English is the universal language of Great Britain. In addition, about a quarter of the inhabitants of Wales speak Welsh and there are about 60,000 speakers of the Scottish form of Gaelic in Scotland.

The Church of England, also called the Anglican Church (see England, Church of), is the officially established church in England (it was disestablished in Wales in 1914); the monarch is its supreme governor. The Presbyterian Church of Scotland is legally established in Scotland. There is complete religious freedom throughout Great Britain. By far the greatest number of Britons (some 27 million) are Anglicans, followed by Roman Catholics and other Christians. There are smaller minorities of Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs, Jews, and Buddhists.

About 25% of Britain"s land is arable, and almost half is suitable for meadows and pastures. Its agriculture is highly mechanized and extremely productive; about 2% of the labor force produces 60% percent of the country"s food needs. Barley, wheat, rapeseed, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, and vegetables are the main crops. The widespread dairy industry produces milk, eggs, and cheese. Beef cattle and large numbers of sheep, as well as poultry and pigs, are raised throughout much of the country. There is also a sizable fishing industry, with cod, haddock, mackerel, whiting, trout, salmon, and shellfish making up the bulk of the catch.

Great Britain is one of the world"s leading industrialized nations. It has achieved this position despite the lack of most raw materials needed for industry. It must also import 40% of its food suplies. Thus, its prosperity has been dependent upon the export of manufactured goods in exchange for raw materials and foodstuffs. Within the manufacturing sector, the largest industries include machine tools; electric power, automation, and railroad equipment; ships; aircraft; motor vehicles and parts; electronic and communications equipment; metals; chemicals; coal; petroleum; paper and printing; food processing; textiles; and clothing.

During the 1970s and 80s, nearly 3.5 million manufacturing jobs were lost, but in the 1990s over 3.5 million jobs were created in service-related industries. By the early 21st cent., banking, insurance, business services, and other service industries accounted for almost three fourths of the gross domestic product and employed 80% of the workforce. This trend was also reflected in a shift in Great Britain"s economic base, which has benefited the southeast, southwest, and Midlands regions of the country, while the north of England and Northern Ireland have been hard hit by the changing economy.

The main industrial and commercial areas are the great conurbations, where about one third of the country"s population lives. The administrative and financial center and most important port is Greater London, which also has various manufacturing industries. London is Europe"s foremost financial city. Metal goods, vehicles, aircraft, synthetic fibers, and electronic equipment are made in the West Midlands conurbation, which with the addition of

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Phonetics

[æ] travel, capital, gallery play, place, stadium museum, new, beautiful [i] big, pig, different park, car, art see, meet, week

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Great Britain

The UK is an English-speaking country. The capital of the country is London. The UK is situated on the British Isles lying off the north-western coast of Europe and separated from the continent by the English Channel.

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Test yourself

London St. Paul’s Cathedral Westminster Abbey Buckingham Palace The west End Trafalgar Square is the official residence of the Queen is the seat of the British Parliament is the greatest church in Britain is the richest and most beautiful part is the geographical centre in London its political, business and cultural centre

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Westminster Abbey

Westminster Abbey was founded in 1050 and it is situated in the centre of London. Many great Englishmen were buried in the Abbey: Newton, Darwin and other.

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Trafalgar Square

Trafalgar Square is one of them and it is in the centre of the West End. One can see a statue of Lord Nelson in the middle of this square.

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Big Ben

Big Ben is the biggest clock bell in Britain. It weighs 13,5 tons.

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Whitehall

Whitehall is the street. It is often associated with the government of Britain. Downing Street, which is a small side street of Whitehall, is the home of the Prime Minister who lives at number ten.

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London Zoo

Regent’s park, which was also originally a hunting park, is now the home of London Zoo.

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England